Each September, health organizations mark National Prostate Health Month to raise awareness about prostate cancer, which remains the most commonly diagnosed cancer among men in the United States. According to recent data, over 174,000 men are diagnosed with prostate cancer each year and more than 31,000 die from the disease. While most cases are found in men older than 65, the risk exists at any age.
“Many times there are no symptoms with prostate cancer. However, with advanced disease, symptoms may include difficulty with urination and dull pain in the pelvic area, lower back, hips or upper thighs. Some types of prostate cancer grow slowly, and close monitoring may be recommended. Other types are aggressive and require a more intense treatment approach. Addressing prostate health and disease begins with a conversation between you and your healthcare provider.”
Statistics show that about 13 out of every 100 American men will develop prostate cancer during their lifetime, and two to three of those will die from it. Age is identified as the primary risk factor for developing this disease. Men over age 55 face a higher likelihood due to increased chances of genetic changes in prostate cells.
Other risk factors include race and family history. “African-American men have a higher rate of the disease. One in six African-American men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer. Prostate cancer occurs less often in Asian-American and Hispanic men than in non-Hispanic white men.” A family history of prostate cancer or relatives with breast or ovarian cancers also increases risk. Being overweight later in life has been linked to an increased chance of advanced prostate cancer; doctors recommend maintaining a healthy weight.
Healthcare providers suggest discussing screening options for prostate cancer based on individual risk factors or symptoms. The two main screening methods are the digital rectal exam (DRE) and the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test. In a DRE, a doctor checks for abnormalities by feeling the size and texture of the prostate through the rectum. The PSA test measures levels of a protein produced by the prostate; elevated levels can indicate possible issues but may also result from other conditions.
“If your primary provider believes that you are at elevated risk or are showing symptoms of prostate cancer, they will start the process by ordering lab work.” Patients whose tests reveal high PSA levels or rapid changes are referred to urologists—specialists trained to treat urinary tract problems and male reproductive disorders—for further evaluation.
Treatment options depend on several factors including how aggressive the cancer is. “If treatment is the next step, the Urology team will coordinate surgical intervention, radiation therapy or medical therapy with Oncology.” Options range from active surveillance—monitoring without immediate intervention—to surgery (prostatectomy), radiation therapy using high-energy rays, hormone therapy, cryotherapy, chemotherapy, biological therapy, or high-intensity focused ultrasound.
“Today, several types of treatment are available for prostate cancer. You and your provider will decide which treatment is right for you.”
The public is encouraged to speak with healthcare providers about risks and screening for early detection and management strategies tailored to individual needs.
For additional information about prostate cancer and men’s health topics visit https://nyuhs.org/.
